Motor Grader Operator’s Training Manual

Motor Grader Training Manual

This notebook was prepared for use in workshops being presented at various locations throughout Michigan as part of a program developed by the Michigan Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP). Materials in this notebook have been adapted from material generously provided by the Nebraska Technology Transfer Center, and the Maine Local Roads Center.

The workshops are intended for county, city, and township employees who are responsible for maintaining gravel roads and require a working knowledge of gravel road characteristics, basic maintenance procedures, and grader operator skills.

Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
Preface and Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... 1
County Engineers ................................................................................................................ 2
Parts of the Road ............................................................................................... 3
Parts of a Road ................................................................................................................... 3
Proper Cross-Section .......................................................................................................... 4
Roadway Cross-Section Elements ...................................................................................... 5
Typical Section for a Local Road (English) ......................................................................... 6
Typical Section for a Local Road (Metric) ........................................................................... 7
Gravel .................................................................................................................................. 8
Five Factors ......................................................................................................................... 9
Dust Control ..................................................................................................... 10
On the Road ...................................................................................................................... 10
Fighting Potholes and Dust ............................................................................................... 12
Calcium Chloride – Environmental Concerns ................................................................... 14
Environmental Facts About Calcium Chloride .................................................................. 16
Dust Blading ...................................................................................................................... 19
Erosion Control ................................................................................................ 20
Why Is Everyone So Concerned? ..................................................................................... 20
Six Major Principles ........................................................................................................... 21
Drainage ............................................................................................................................ 22
Culvert Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 23
Road Graders ................................................................................................... 24
Grader Types .................................................................................................................... 25
Grader Operation .............................................................................................................. 26
Tips for Better Grading ...................................................................................................... 28
Daily Inspection Check ...................................................................................................... 29
Pre-Start Walk-Around Inspection ..................................................................................... 30
Walk-Around Inspection (Diagram) ................................................................................... 34
Walk-Around Inspection (Checklist) .................................................................................. 35
Grader Preventive Maintenance ....................................................................................... 36
Preventive Maintenance Checklist .................................................................................... 38
Radiator-Cooling System .................................................................................................. 39
Tire Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 39
Safety Procedures ........................................................................................... 41
Comprehensive Checklist.................................................................................................. 41
Safety Tips and Safe Operation ........................................................................................ 43
Maintaining Gravel Roads ............................................................................... 44
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 44
Two Common Mistakes ..................................................................................................... 46
Slope Meters ..................................................................................................................... 47
Tires ................................................................................................................................... 48
Carbide Bit Blades ............................................................................................................. 49
Washboards ...................................................................................................................... 51
Eliminating Berm ............................................................................................................... 52
Figuring the Cost ............................................................................................. 53
How to Figure the Cost of Lost Gravel .............................................................................. 53

Two Closing Thoughts ....................................................................................................... 54

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